- Respighi, Ottorino
- Ressler, Carl
- Reutter, Hermann
- Rheinberger, Joseph Gabriel
- Riedel, W.
- Ries, Ferdinand
- Righini, Vincenzo
- Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai
- Rivier, Jean
- Rodoreda, José
- Rodrigo, Joaquín
- Rodríguez de Hita, Antonio
- Rodríguez de Ledesma, Mariano
- Rodríguez de León, José
- Rodríguez, Gabriel
- Rogers, Clara Kathleen
- Rogers, James Hotchkiss
- Röhmeyer, Theodor
- Ronald, Sir Landon
- Rontani, Raffaello
- Röntgen, Julius
- Ropartz, Joseph Guy Marie
- Rorem, Ned
- Rosa, Salvator
- Rosales, Antonio
- Rosseter, Philip
- Rossini, Gioachino
- Rousseau, Jean-Jecques
- Roussel, Albert
- Rubinstein, Anton Grigoryevich
- Rücker, Manuel
- Rust, Friedrich Wilhelm
- Rutter, John (Milford)
- Saar, Louis Victor Franz
- Sachs, Curt
- Saint-Saëns, Charles Camille
- Salas, Francisco
- Salieri, Antonio
- Salter, Mary Elizabeth Turner
- Sanderson, Winfred
- Sanz, Manuel
- Sarro / Sarri, Domenico
- Sarti, Giuseppe
- Sartorio, Antonio
- Satie, Erik
- Savioni, Mario
- Scarlatti, Alessandro
- Scarlatti, Domenico
- Schäffer, Julius
- Scherzer, Otto
- Schlesinger, Sebastian Benson
- Schlösser, Adolphe
- Schmid, J.
- Schmitt, Florent
- Schoeck, Othmar
- Schoenberg, Arnold Franz Walter
- Schreker, Franz
- Schröter, Corona
- Schubert, Franz Peter
- Schuman, William Howard
- Schumann, Clara Wieck
- Schumann, Robert Alexander
- Schwarz-Schilling, Reinhard
- Schweizer, Richard
- Scott, Cyril Meir
- Scott, John Prindle
- Seckendorff, Karl Sigmund
- Seelig, Paul
- Senfl, Ludwig
- Serrano y Ruiz, Emilio
- Serrano, José
- Sgambati, Giovanni
- Shapleigh, Bertram
- Shaw, Martin Edward Fallas
- Shield, William
- Sibelius, Jean
- Siebert, Ferdinand
- Siegmeister, Elie
- Silcher, Philipp Friedrich
- Sinding, Christian
- Sjögren, Johan Gustaf Emil
- Smalley, Roger
- Smith, John Christopher
- Smith, John Stafford
- Smith, Wilson George
- Sobejano y Ayala, José
- Sokolov, Nikolay Aleksandrovich
- Somervell, Sir Arthur
- Sommer, Hans
- Sor, Fernando
- Sorabji, Kaikhosru
- Soriano Fuertes, Mariano
- Soriano, Agustín Pérez
- Sousa, John Philip
- Speaks, Oley
- Spiering, Theodor
- Spohr, Louis (Ludwig)
- Spontini, Gaspare
- Squire, William Henry
- Stainer, John
